{"id":7572,"date":"2011-12-28T09:10:16","date_gmt":"2011-12-28T04:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theajmals.com\/blog\/?p=7572"},"modified":"2020-12-28T09:59:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T04:59:42","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%90-%da%88%da%be%d8%a7%da%a9%db%81-%da%a9%db%92-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%db%94-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b7-%db%943-%db%94-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%db%81%d8%af%db%81-%d8%a7%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/2011\/12\/%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%90-%da%88%da%be%d8%a7%da%a9%db%81-%da%a9%db%92-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%db%94-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b7-%db%943-%db%94-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%db%81%d8%af%db%81-%d8%a7%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0650 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u06d4 \u0642\u0633\u0637 \u06d43 \u06d4 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u06c1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u064a\u06ba 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\/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\"><strong><br \/>\nBy Akhtar Payami<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe sky lit up with fire-balls amidst the deafening sound of gun-shots. The dark night was pierced by multi-coloured searchlight leaving no room even for a shadow to escape.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nSimultaneously, microphones blared to announce that an indefinite curfew had been imposed on the unfortunate city of Dhaka. It was a full-fledged battle against invisible enemies. Nobody cared to count the dead. This happened about the midnight of March 25, 1971. The following day, on March 26, the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed by word of mouth and through a clandestine radio broadcast. This was the beginning of the end.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nIt is not yet known who cast the first stone. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman&#8217;s daughter and former prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, claims that the announcement was contained in a hand- written press statement by the Sheikh himself.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThereafter copies of the statement were distributed all over East Pakistan. On the other hand, General Ziaur Rahman&#8217;s party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, maintains that it was the general who proclaimed independence.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nIt is one of those secrets with which Pakistan&#8217;s chequered history is littered. It is not yet clear who drafted the Lahore Resolution which is a major historical document.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nChaudhry Khaliquzzaman and Nawab Ismail are said to be the two persons who generally drafted all resolutions of the All-India Muslim League. But none of them was present when the resolution was for the first time presented before the March 23 meeting in Lahore.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nIt is still believed by some that the term &#8216;states&#8217; mentioned in the original resolution was a typographical mistake which was later corrected by Muslim League legislators in 1946. But were the legislators competent to amend a resolution adopted by the Muslim League Council? This is another story.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nSimilarly the authorship of Sheikh Mujib&#8217;s famous Six Points is still shrouded in mystery. Several unconfirmed stories are in circulation. The text of the Six Points was amended several times as tension mounted in the unhappy relationship between East Pakistan and the central government.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe Awami League leaders insisted on maximum autonomy for the eastern wing. Even at that stage when a revolutionary situation was already in the making nobody talked of independence. Sheikh Mujib&#8217;s famous speech of March 7 at the Race Course ground fell short of a call for independence.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nBut it would be presumptuous to think that the people of the former East Pakistan had launched a movement for the implementation of the Lahore Resolution.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe issue was never raised by the leading politicians of the eastern wing. They had their own grievances, some of which were genuine and should have been thoroughly examined. At a much later stage, however, the Lahore Resolution did provide an impetus to the people of East Pakistan in their struggle for independence.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nWhen the people and the rulers were locked in confrontation and all top leaders of the Awami League had left for Calcutta where they had formed a government in exile, Sheikh Mujib chose to stay back in his Dhanmandi house. He waited for the Pakistan Army and offered no resistance. He was promptly arrested and taken to West Pakistan.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe widely reported famous dialogue between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Mujib further strengthens the argument that Mujib believed in the federal structure of Pakistan and sought constitutional remedy of the problem. When Bhutto informed the Sheikh (he had been in solitary confinement for a long time) that he (Bhutto) was the president of Pakistan, Mujib replied: &#8220;How can you be the president of Pakistan? I am the leader of the majority party.&#8221; Till that moment, it can be argued, Mujib had faith in the unity of the country and did not know that Bangladesh had already emerged as an independent state.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nAlthough Mujib was personally grateful to India for all the assistance that it had offered to his people in their hour of trial, in his heart of hearts, he nursed a feeling of bitterness for New Delhi. He had told some trusted journalists that he could easily achieve freedom with India&#8217;s support, &#8220;but I would never go to a banya (trader).&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nEven after liberation, there were fewer Hindu ministers in his first cabinet than were in the Pakistan days. The Indian army, after its victory, had plans for a longer stay in Bangladesh. But Mujib felt the pulse of the people who were opposed to the presence of the conquering army.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nHe rushed to New Delhi, met Mrs Indira Gandhi and expedited an early withdrawal of Indian troops. Even when National Awami Party leader Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani had strongly advocated complete independence, the Awami League did not endorse his views. Maulana Bhashani had a much better understanding of the people&#8217;s choice.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nHe knew that in this unpredictable situation, nothing less than independence would satisfy them. It was a struggle against the injustices meted out to the people of the eastern wing over more than two decades. It is a fact that they suffered neglect and apathy at the hands of those who wielded power in West Pakistan.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nOn one occasion when East Pakistan chief minister Ataur Rahman Khan returned from Rawalpindi, he told correspondents at Dhaka airport that he could not get approval for an important project from the central government &#8220;as it was easy to convince the minister but difficult to please the section officer.&#8221; Such was the hostile relationship between the administrations in the two wings.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nIt was only during the brief period of General Yahya Khan that some measures were contemplated and taken for ameliorating the conditions of East Pakistan.The headquarters of several government corporations were shifted to Dhaka. A few promotions were made in the superior services cadre. But these measures were much too late and could not serve any purpose.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe army action of March 25 put the final seal on the fate of united Pakistan. It created a bitterness which was not easy to remove. In that hostile environment, it was impossible to think that the situation would improve with the help of any military intervention. Even at that time many sensible people had warned the authorities against taking harsh actions.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe situation needed political measures. Instead a harsh policy was devised. The only political step taken was to hold by- elections for the seats vacated en masse by the elected representatives of the people in East Pakistan. It was indeed a futile exercise as the voters completely boycotted it.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nWhen a full-scale war began in December 1971, the Pakistan Army had to confront the entire population of East Pakistan. And those who did not join the &#8220;rebels&#8221; were termed collaborators by the new power wielders of the eastern wing and &#8220;Muslims of Indian origin&#8221; by successive governments in Pakistan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06d4 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06d4 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 1970\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0630\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u064a\u067e\u0644\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0679\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u064a\u06ba \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u064f\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 33 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,33,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12","category-33","category-28"],"views":6452,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7572"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19792,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7572\/revisions\/19792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}