{"id":19496,"date":"2019-09-07T08:28:26","date_gmt":"2019-09-07T03:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theajmals.com\/blog\/?p=19496"},"modified":"2019-09-07T08:28:26","modified_gmt":"2019-09-07T03:28:26","slug":"%d8%a2%d9%be%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86-%d8%ac%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%b9%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%da%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%b3%db%92-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af-%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/2019\/09\/%d8%a2%d9%be%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86-%d8%ac%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%b9%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%da%be%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%b3%db%92-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%ac%d9%86%da%af-%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 <\/strong>\u06d4 \u0622\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0650 1965\u0621 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0642\u06c1 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u06cc 15 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0686\u0648\u0691 \u06c1\u06d2 <\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 1965\u0621 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 1957\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06be\u0679\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u067e\u0686\u06be\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648  \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u06c1\u0641\u062a\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0679\u06a9\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u06c1\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0686\u06be\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u0679\u06a9\u0679 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 1965\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0650 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0626\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06d4 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u06c1 \u0628\u0679\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06c1\u06cc\u0651\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0633\u062a\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0686\u06be\u067e\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06af\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0622 \u06a9\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0627\u06c1 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0633\u062a\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u06af\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0679 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06a9\u0691\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u0632 &#8220;\u06af\u0646\u06af\u0627&#8221; \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0632\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06d4 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06d4 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 <\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0679\u06be \u06a9\u06be\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2 \u06d4 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u064f\u0686\u06be \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u06be\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/2010\/12\/01\">\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 1947\u0621<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06be\u0648\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0686\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06af\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0628 1965\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0650 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0670 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0670 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u06be\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0670 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627<br \/>\n\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0670 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06be\u0645\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0691\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9) \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0631\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u06be\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686 \u06a9\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627<br \/>\n\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0670 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0679\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0648\u06c1 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0637\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06d4 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u0644\u0637\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0622\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba  \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u0686 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u064e\u0641\u0679\u0633 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0688\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06c1\u0627\u0621 \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0624 \u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u06d4 \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0634\u062a \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u06af&#8221; \u0633\u06d2 :<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1: \u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0637 1965\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0646\u06d2 \u0631\u064e\u0646 \u0622\u0641 \u06a9\u064e\u0686\u06be \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u064f\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0691 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06d2 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 12 \u0645\u0626\u06cc 1965\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0650\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0654\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644\u06c1  \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0654\u062b\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0626\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0691\u0628\u0691 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648 \u06d4 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0688\u06be\u0650\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0679\u06be\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0688\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0688\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u067e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u06d4 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633 \u0688\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0622\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06d4 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u0650\u0646\u0641\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0645\u0631\u0688 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u06a9\u0679 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d2 \u0646\u06a9\u0644 \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2 \u06d4 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a 1965\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06d4 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 8 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u06d4 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u064f\u0679\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06af\u0627 \u062f\u06d2 \u06d4 24 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c1 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0644\u06af\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06d4 \u06cc\u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u067e\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062c\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u067e\u0633\u067e\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0688 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06d2 6 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06c1 \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc&#8221; \u06d4 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1: &#8220;\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0635\u06c1 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0631\u062f\u0650 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0638\u064f\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u0648 \u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u067e \u0646\u06d2 \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 [ \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631] \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u06d2 \u0622\u0641 \u067e\u0650\u06af\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0627 \u06d4 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0688\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0679\u06be\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0688\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0688\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u067e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u06d4 1965\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 5 \u0627\u0648\u0631 6 \u0627\u06af\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062a 5000 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0622\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u0644\u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u062c\u0644\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06d4 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u0646\u0627\u06af\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u0686\u06be\u0627\u067e\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06d4 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0648\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06d2 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0646\u06d2 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u06af\u0650\u0644 \u06d4 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u06c1 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u0650\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0650 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0641\u062a\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0686\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0648\u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u0627\u0631\u06d2  \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0688 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062d\u0634\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 &#8221; <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0670\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9 \u0679\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1965 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06d4 &#8220;\u062c\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0646\u06d2\u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06d4 \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0679 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2 \u062f\u06be\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc \u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u06af\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631 \u0644\u06cc \u06d4 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0624 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc&#8221; \u06d4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u064a\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0679\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0688 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenews.com.pk\/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=5446&#038;Cat=9&#038;dt=9\/19\/2010\">My Political struggle<\/a>&#8221; \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u064a\u06ba<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nIn 1965 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, at the time Ayub Khan\u2019s foreign minister, had advised the president to embark upon a military adventure by launching an armed attack in the Indian-held part of Jammu in the Akhnur sector. This he said was based on the foreign-office assessment that India would not react by attacking Pakistan. Ayub Khan had accepted this assessment and the attack was launched on September 1. He was therefore totally unprepared for the Indian attack that took place on the early morning of September 6 in the Lahore sector of Punjab. Bhutto\u2019s logic, with which Ayub Khan agreed, was that Pakistan would thus cut off India\u2019s road-link with Srinagar and be in a position to capture most of Jammu and Kashmir without having to resort to an all-out war with India. Although I had by then relinquished command of the Pakistan Air Force, I asked to see President Ayub Khan on the morning of September 3 and expressed my opinion that India would react by launching an attack in Punjab, if we continued with our action in the Akhnur sector of the Indian-held territory of Jammu and Kashmir. I was amazed when the president expressed his conviction that India would not do this and said that Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had assured him that there was no such possibility.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nBhutto was too shrewd a person to really believe that India would not react and one is therefore left with the inevitable conclusion that he thought that India would react in an all-out offensive and thought that a military defeat would result. He thought that he could then make some arrangement with the Indian leadership and take over from Ayub Khan. In a conversation that I had after the 1970 elections with Abdul Hamid Khan Jatoi, an eminent People\u2019s Party leader of Sindh, I was told that after the success of the PPP in the 1970 elections, he had asked Bhutto what he proposed to do to curb the power of the armed forces in national affairs. He told me that Bhutto had replied, \u201cDon\u2019t worry about that. By the time I have finished with them they will be fit only for Guards of Honour.\u201d Earlier in 1969, after being released from prison when he had asked me to join his \u2018Pakistan People\u2019s Party\u2019, I had wanted to know what his programme was. He had replied in all seriousness that the people are fools and his programme is to make a fool of them. He had said, \u201cCome join with me and we will rule together for at least twenty years. No one will be able to remove us.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u064a\u0686\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u064a\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<br \/>\n&#8221; Pakistan&#8217;s Drift Into Extremism: Allah, The Army, And America&#8217;s War On Terror &#8221;<br \/>\n \u06d4 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u064a\u06c1 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0688 \u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0631\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0686 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648 [Research fellow at the Harvard Law School]<br \/>\n\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0686\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u064a\u0646\u0688 \u0688\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0633\u06cc \u0679\u0641\u0679\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0679\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u064a\u0686 \u0688\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u064f\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 [Ph. D candidate at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts university]  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\n\u201cWhen the Pakistan Army inflicted a short, sharp reverse on the Indians in the Rann of Kutch in mid-1965, Ayub\u2019s spirits got a boost.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nBhutto, in his letter to Ayub of May 12, 1965, drew his attention to increasing Western military aid to India and how fast the balance of power in the region was shifting in India\u2019s favor as a result. He expanded on this theme and recommended that \u201ca bold and courageous stand\u201d would \u201copen up greater possibility for a negotiated settlement.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nAyub Khan was won over by the force of this logic, and he tasked the Kashmir Cell under Foreign Secretary, Aziz Ahmed, to draw up plans to stir up some trouble in Indian-held Jammu and Kashmir, which could then be exploited in Pakistan\u2019s favor by limited military involvement.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe Kashmir Cell was a ondescript body working without direction and producing no results. It laid the broad concept of Operation Gibraltar, but did not get very far beyond this in terms of coming up with anything concrete. When Ayub saw that the Kashmir Cell was making painfully little headway in translating his directions into a plan of action, he personally handed responsibility for the operation over to Major General Akhtar Hussain Malik, commander of the12th Division of the Pakistan Army. This division was responsible for the defense of the entire length of the Cease-fire Line (CLF) in the Kashmir region.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nThe plan of this operation (Gibraltar) as finalized by General Akhtar Malik and approved by Ayub Khan was to infiltrate a sizable armed force across the CFL into Indian Kashmir. Later, grand slam was to be launched. This was to be a quick strike by armored and infantry forces from the southern tip of the CFL to Akhnur, a town astride the Jammu-Srinagar Road.  This would cut the main Indian artery into the Kashmir valley, bottle up the Indian forces there, and so open up a number of options that could then be exploited as the situation demanded. Having no reserves for this purpose, General Akhtar Malik decided that the only option for him was to simultaneously train a force of Azad Kashmiri irregulars (mujahids) for this purpose. Operation Gibraltar was launched in the first week of August 1965, and all the infiltrators made it across the CFL without a single case of detection by the Indians. The pro-Pakistan elements in Kashmir had not been taken into confidence prior to this operation, and there was no help forthcoming for the infiltrators in most areas. Overall, despite lack of support from the local population, the operation managed to cause anxiety to the Indians, at times verging on panic. On August 8 the Kashmir government recommended that martial law be imposed in Kashmir. It seemed that the right time to launch operation Grand Slam was when such anxiety was at its height. But it was General Akhtar Malik\u2019s opinion that this be delayed till the Indians had committed their reserves to seal off the infiltration routes, which he felt was certain to happen eventually. On August 24, India concentrated its forces to launch its operations in order to seal off Haji Pir Pass, through which lay the main infiltration routes. By early afternoon of the first day (September 01, 1965) all the objectives were taken, the Indian forces were on the run, and Akhnur lay tantalizingly close and inadequately defended. \u201cAt this point, someone\u2019s prayers worked\u201d says Indian journalist, MJ Akbar: \u201cAn inexplicable change of command took place.\u201dLoss of time is inherent in any such change . . . . And this was enough for the Indians to bolster the defenses of Akhnur and launch their strike against Lahore across the international frontier between the two countries. This came on September 6 while the Pakistani forces were still three miles short of Akhnur.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nWhen the Special Service Group (SSG), the army\u2019s unit that specializes in special operations, was taken into confidence, they pointed out that the Kashmiri Muslims would cooperate only when they were assured of protection against the inevitable Indian retribution. However, when it became clear that the planners\u2019 belief in their plan had blinded them to the faults in it, the SSG warned, them in writing that the operation as planned would turn out to be Pakistan\u2019s Bay of Pigs. The Kashmir Cell was a nondescript body working without direction and producing no results. It laid the broad concept of Operation Gibraltar, but did not get very far beyond this in terms of coming up with anything concrete. When Ayub saw that the Kashmir Cell was making painfully little headway in translating his directions into a plan of action, he personally handed responsibility for the operation over to Major General Akhtar Hussain Malik, commander of the 12th Division of the Pakistan Army. On the night of August 5\/6 1965, 5,000 lightly armed men slipped across the ceasefire line into occupied Kashmir from multiple points. They were the hastily recruited and trained Azad Kashmir civilians with a sprinkling of Azad Kashmir and Pakistani soldiers. They were the Gibraltar Force. In the early stages of the operation, while the surprise lasted, they conducted a series of spectacular raids and ambushes, which caused great alarm and trepidation in the Indian high command. Then the expected happened. Indian retribution against Muslim villages was swift and brutal; as a result, the locals not only refused to cooperate with the raiders but also started to assist the Indian forces to flush them out. Suddenly, from hunters the raiders had become the hunted. To make matters worse, the Indian forces went on the offensive capturing Kargil, Haji Pir pass and Tithwal and threatening Muzaffarabad.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Arial,Times New Roman,Tahoma,Unicode MS,serif;font-size:16px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;\">\nWith its fate sealed, the Gibraltar force disintegrated within three weeks of the launch and its few survivors limped back to Azad Kashmir hungry, tired and defeated. Phase-I of the field marshal\u2019s plan had backfired.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u06d4 \u0622\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0650 1965\u0621 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0642\u06c1 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u06cc 15 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0686\u0648\u0691 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 1965\u0621 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2 \u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 1957\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,31,27,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12","category-31","category-27","category-5"],"views":1747,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19496"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19497,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19496\/revisions\/19497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theajmals.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}